What is the nerve that supply’s the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory nerve)

What’s cell hypertrophy?

Answer: Increase in cell size

Pics, adult patient 30 years old came to the clinic with missing upper left central and he told the ortho doc he has trauma before, and upon checking the doc see root resorption on right lateral and central incisors and diagnose them as hope less teeth, what the doc going to do?

Answer: Extract hopeless teeth and plan for implants/bridge

Pics with anterior cross bite single tooth the upper incisor was inclined lingually and the lower incisor was locked buccally, asking what the problem with this case?

Answer: Dental crossbite with mandibular shift

Same case asking you how you going to treat it? How going to align the upper central incisors?

Answer: Use a removable appliance with finger spring or fixed braces

A child with thin, light colored has defect in nail, missing teeth. What is you diagnosis?

Answer: Ectodermal dysplasia

Pics, Case with spaces in the upper anterior and missing lateral and abnormal shape canine “maybe conical” and a lot of missing teeth: what’s the ortho complication for this case?

Answer: Lack of abutment teeth, need for prosthetic replacement

If patient presented to your clinic, with missing teeth, you found a number of missing, what is the term of this condition?

Answer: Hypodontia (if 1-5 teeth missing) or Oligodontia (6+ missing)

The term oligodontia refer to congenital absence of?

Answer: 6 or more teeth

Patient pics given the teeth are conical shaped they asked something about treatment plan?

Answer: Likely ectodermal dysplasia, need crowns or implants

Pics, case class II with missing lateral incisor and the upper anterior a little inclined lingually and in the lower incisor mild crowding with the left side first premolar inclined buccally, asking what’s the treatment?

Answer: Possibly close spaces or open spaces for implants, correct inclination

(Long case scenario), 18 years old, OB= 10 mm, OJ =14 mm, ANB= 11mm, 3mm crowding, best treatment option?

Answer: Orthognathic surgery (likely LeFort I impaction and BSSO advancement)

What you consider when you treat the patient with anterior intrusion or posterior extrusion?

Answer: Vertical facial pattern: intrusion for short face, extrusion for long face

Case girl 16 years old and she had the incisor display about 6mm and deep bite, asking what to do?

Answer: Intrude anterior teeth or extrude posterior teeth

Picture, referred patient from the prosthodontics doctor, the teeth alignment was good and overjet and overbite is good but there is a extraction 1st molar space in the lower and there is a little mesial tipping in the 2nd molar, the prostho doc told you that he want just a 2mm space to place an implant both side, asking what to do?

Answer: Upright the molar and create space

Picture, Case of class II div 2 asks what bracket prescription and slot size you use?

Answer: Roth or MBT prescription, 0.022" slot size

Case scenario given describing Bolton's values for overall and anterior maxillary and mandibular figures for the given case, with Bolton anterior: 7

Answer: Bolton discrepancy - mandibular anterior excess

Pics, case with lower canines are tipping mesially and dumping in the lower incisor, asking what change you can do for the canine brackets to prevent the lower incisor proclination?

Answer: Use more negative torque on canine brackets or different prescription

Patient with class III and you want to do camouflage, what modification that you should do? (Under torqued picture)

Answer: Procline upper incisors and retrocline lower incisors

Swapping of the canine brackets for?

Answer: To achieve proper torque in crowded cases

Case with under torquing in the lower incisor, asking how you can manage or control the under lower incisor torquing?

Answer: Use auxiliary torquing spring or rectangular archwire

Case with orthodontic treatment and you had loss vitality for the upper lateral, asking why?

Answer: Possible root resorption or trauma from occlusion

Case with ectodermal dysphasia and the orthodontist going to do virtual treatment object (VTO), asking why, the VTO for what?

Answer: To plan tooth position and restorative needs

How to diagnose impacted upper canine?

Answer: Clinical palpation and radiographic evaluation (CBCT best)

Bleeding on probing indication of?

Answer: Active periodontal inflammation

Picture, with case telling you after closing the lower anterior spaces and there are spaces left in the upper anterior, asking why the doc can’t close it?

Answer: Bolton discrepancy - upper teeth are too small relative to lower

Another case with orthodontic treatment and you had loss vitality for the upper lateral? Asking why?

Answer: Excessive force during retraction

The difference in Mouth opening between the children and adult?

Answer: Children have more ligament elasticity, can open wider relative to size

Advantage of self-ligating brackets over conventional brackets?

Answer: Lower friction, faster alignment, possibly less chair time

TMJ pain disappears when initiating orthodontic treatment, why?

Answer: The occlusion is stabilized, reducing muscle hyperactivity

Mom concerned with her child with 3 years old open bite with deviation, what should you do?

Answer: Evaluate for thumb sucking habit or skeletal problem, usually monitor

A class II div 1 patient, what bracket you will use?

Answer: Pre-adjusted edgewise brackets with standard prescription (e.g., MBT, Roth)

Pic of impacted canine with Bolton anterior: 71.7, overall is 87%, what’s the problem?

Answer: Bolton discrepancy - Mandibular anterior excess

An intern is asked to do a procedure which has did not do before & there is no one to guide him, he should?

Answer: Not perform the procedure and seek supervision

Secondary bone graft placed from?

Answer: Iliac crest is a common donor site

Pic case with wide and the left central incisor has abnormal shape, and there is black triangular between left lateral and central and asking why?

Answer: Triangular tooth shape and loss of papilla due to bone loss

Picture of patient showing missing papilla, what is the reason?

Answer: Periodontal bone loss or triangular tooth crowns

Figure (11.62), how to relief anterior crowding?

Answer: Procline incisors or expansion (depending on the case)

Case at finishing stage and you did bracket reposition for lateral

Answer: To correct minor tooth position discrepancies

Photo of distal step relation primary occlusion, will develop to?

Answer: Class II molar relationship in permanent dentition

Pic, case female patient after 2 weeks of debonding she notices white spots

Answer: White spot lesions due to decalcification during treatment

Pics, case with very sever crowding and the premolars located almost in the palate the case with maxillary deficiency, and the lateral view there is middle face deficiency and looks like there mandibular prognathism, what’s the case diagnosis?

Answer: Skeletal Class III with maxillary deficiency

Pics, Pedo case with missing teeth and space loss in molar and blocked out canine, asking what is the treatment?

Answer: Regain space, then align canine (possibly with ortho)

When will do frenectomy of diastema case?

Answer: After space closure, during retention

Opioid drug what’s problem with using it?

Answer: High risk of addiction and dependence

Figure (11-35) profit, why do you use it?

Answer: To prevent midline shift during canine retraction (e.g., Nance button)

Root resorption is one of the most common complications associated while treating adult patients, especially which type of tooth movement?

Answer: Intrusion and torqueing movements

Above case, how would you treat her?

Answer: Functional appliance (e.g., Twin Block) to enhance mandibular growth

14 years old girl came for orthodontic treatment, what kind of expansion you do?

Answer: Rapid Palatal Expansion (RPE) if suture is not fused, otherwise surgical

Case and the treatment was with HG high pull and twin block, after finish of phase one, what bracket you’re going to use in phase two?

Answer: Pre-adjusted fixed appliances (e.g., 0.022" slot)

Pics, case with full molar class III both side and missing upper left second premolar and shift midline and told you the orthodontist going to extract upper premolar right side and proceed with the treatment, so the molar relation is gonna be?

Answer: Class III on left, Class I or II on right (asymmetric)

Frenectomy for midline diastema is done?

Answer: After the space is closed orthodontically

Referral case and you notice the lower canine brackets in reverse position, and asking why the canine brackets are in reverse?

Answer: To achieve root movement or torque correction

When will you reverse the canine bracket position?

Answer: For torque control, especially in lingually inclined canines

Case with increase cranial bone angle and increase of S-Ar-Go, deep labiomental fold and complain of high rest lower lip line?

Answer: Skeletal deep bite case

(Picture), what is the abnormality seen (premolar in the canine region & canine in the premolar region)?

Answer: Tooth transposition

What is most appropriate method to locate impacted canine?

Answer: CBCT is the gold standard, or two periapicals (parallax technique)

A wire of diameter 0.10 produce force of 20 g, what is the force produced by wire of 0.20 diameter?

Answer: 160 g (Force is proportional to d^4, 2^4=16, 16*20=320g? Check concept: Stiffness increases by 16x, so for the same deflection, force would be 16x higher = 320g. But the question might be trickier)

What is the role of circummaxillary sutures in expansion?

Answer: They resist separation

Which suture is most important for expansion?

Answer: Midpalatal suture

What is the biological mechanism of expansion?

Answer: Sutural remodeling

What is the disadvantage of slow expansion?

Answer: Longer treatment time

What is the advantage of quad-helix over RPE?

Answer: No patient compliance needed

What is the force of quad-helix?

Answer: 300-500 grams

How often is quad-helix activated?

Answer: Every 4-6 weeks

What is the treatment duration for quad-helix?

Answer: 3-6 months

What is the main drawback of Hyrax appliance?

Answer: Food impaction

Patient who is pregnant, she has mild upper and lower arch crowding, she wants to undergo orthodontic treatment, what should you do?

Answer: Postpone until after delivery

How to prevent tipping during expansion?

Answer: Use rigid appliance

What is the effect of expansion on nasal airflow?

Answer: Improves airflow

What is the effect of RPE on mandible?

Answer: Downward and backward rotation

What is the common cause of crossbite in primary teeth?

Answer: Habits (e.g.thumb sucking)

What is the simplest treatment for anterior crossbite?

Answer: Inclined plane

How to determine if crossbite is dental or skeletal?

Answer: Cephalometric analysis

What is the typical SN-MP angle in deep bite cases?

Answer: Low angle (<30°)

What is the typical SN-MP angle in open bite cases?

Answer: High angle (>40°)

How to measure mandibular plane angle?

Answer: Between SN and Go-Gn

What is the normal value of SNA?

Answer: 82° ± 2°

What is the normal value of SNB?

Answer: 80° ± 2°

What is the normal value of ANB?

Answer: 2° ± 2°

What does increased ANB indicate?

Answer: Class II skeletal pattern

What does decreased ANB indicate?

Answer: Class III skeletal pattern

How to manage pain during expansion?

Answer: Analgesics (e.g. ibuprofen )

What is the maximum expansion achievable with RPE?

Answer: 10-12 mm

How to avoid look alike, sound alike drugs issue?

Answer: Use Tall Man Lettering (e.g., hydrOXYzine vs hydrALAzine)

What is the typical activation rate for RPE?

Answer: 0.5 mm/day

What is the alternative to RPE in adults?

Answer: SARPE

Pics, case with moderate crowding and asking about the lower lip position, I saw E-line

Answer: Lower lip behind E-line is ideal, ahead indicates protrusion

Pic of case with class III & sever crowding, what’s the angulation of the canine?

Answer: Usually mesially angulated in crowding cases

Pics given and asking what will be the effect of distal angulation of canine on anchorage?

Answer: It increases the anchorage demand because distalizing it requires more support

Class III with missing upper lateral incisor and crowding on the lower with OJ= 1mm, what’s your plan?

Answer: Possibly extract lower premolars to relieve crowding and correct OJ

Patient with TMD has pain, restricted mouth opening and the old women with tenderness and deflection of jaw towards one side?

Answer: Likely unilateral muscle disorder or disc displacement without reduction

How is the conversion from flush terminal primary molar relationship into a class I permanent molar?

Answer: By the leeway space and differential growth

What’s the risk of treating uncontrolled diabetic patient?

Answer: Poor healing, increased infection risk, periodontal problems

Doubling the diameter of the wire, increase its strength by?

Answer: 8 times ( stiffness is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter)

A 7 years old patient came to you and the left 1st molar upper erupted from 6 months and the right 1st molar didn’t erupt yet, which one is the best to identify canine buccopalatal position?

Answer: Use a panoramic or periapical radiograph

Patient with Skeletal C II and Class I molar, why?

Answer: Dental compensation (e.g., distally tipped lower molars)

Lee way space in upper arch per quadrant?

Answer: About 0.9 mm per side (total ~1.8 mm)

Lee way space in lower arch per quadrant?

Answer: About 1.7 mm per side (total ~3.4 mm)

If the patient positions his head upward, is there a change to SN if youare using True vertical line?

Answer: Yes, SN rotation will affect measurements

The angle between the SN and the true vertical line if natural head position of patient (NHP) is raised (upward) what will happen to SN plane to FH?

Answer: The SN-FH angle will decrease

What is the normal dose of panorama “MSV”?

Answer: Approximately 0.01 - 0.03 mSv

Dr asked the lab technician to make finger spring with 16mm wire but the technician made with 32 mm what will happen to strength of the wire?

Answer: The force will decrease (longer wire is more flexible)

Most common teeth with white spot lesion?

Answer: Maxillary anterior teeth and first molars

Stainless steel used in orthodontic wires, contains?

Answer: Iron, Chromium, Nickel (e.g., 18-8 stainless steel)

Patient going before orthodontic treatment before one month, and she complain about clicking pain, what is the treatment?

Answer: Evaluate for TMD, may need splint therapy before ortho

Pics, case with shifting midline in the lower, what’s this problem can cause later?

Answer: Functional shift, aesthetic concerns, occlusal interference

What is the long-term stability of distraction?

Answer: Good

Adult patient came for orthodontic treatment and she was Refuse to do the treatment (mental dieses) 2

Answer: Respect her decision, may need consent from guardian

What is the indication for bonded expander?

Answer: High caries risk patients

What is the complication of rapid expansion?

Answer: Tissue necrosis

How to clean hygiene under expander?

Answer: Water irrigator

What is the key difference between RPE and SARPE?

Answer: Surgical assistance in adults

What is the first sign of RPE activation?

Answer: Pressure sensation

What is the best treatment for patient?

Answer: Treatment based on patient's chief complaint and needs

Why do you perform circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy?

Answer: To cut the supracrestal fibers and reduce relapse of rotations

Case with -12 mm space discrepancy in the upper and -14 mm space discrepancy in the lower, asking what your treatment is?

Answer: Extraction treatment (likely first premolars)

Case with occlusal canting, asking how to diagnose the canting anterior posterior? By what?

Answer: Use a frontal photograph with a ruler or clinical observation

The teeth Equilibrium theory? Between what?

Answer: Between lips/cheeks and tongue

Time for permanent 1st molar calcification?

Answer: Birth (crown starts)

Asymmetric V-bend moves toward one tooth, what is moment on near tooth and Far tooth?

Answer: Larger moment on the tooth closer to the V-bend

Patient came to you and started giving details description of his condition but your consultation time is almost over what will you do?

Answer: Politely interrupt and schedule another appointment

(Long case scenario), 10 years old planned for functional appliance, on bite registration visit, the mandible should advance it by (over

Answer: 3-5 mm (or to edge-to-edge incisor relationship)

A consultant asks an intern to write a treatment plan for a patient, what should the intern do?

Answer: Write the plan but have the consultant review and sign it

Measurement used in the maxillary constriction for case with crowding, how to check the space available?

Answer: Arch length discrepancy analysis

What is treatment of Diabetes type I?

Answer: Insulin

Most common teeth affected by white lesion?

Answer: Maxillary canines and premolars

Medical rib asks doctor to use a new drug with his patient, and he will give him ticket to travel to in a vacation in some place, if the doctor accept this deal what this called?

Answer: Conflict of interest and bribery

Unilateral cross bite reason?

Answer: Dental constriction or functional shift

(Long case scenario) upper moderate crowding with buccally blocked out canines, lower mild crowding, class II case, what teeth to extract?

Answer: Upper first premolars, Lower first or second premolars (depending on anchorage)

Pic of bilateral CLP and asked to identify?

Answer: Bilateral cleft lip and palate

Excess in lower anterior Bolton is indicated for?

Answer: Stripping (interproximal reduction) of lower anterior teeth

Frankfort horizontal plane is between?

Answer: Porion and Orbitale

What do we mean by the term “incisor liability”?

Answer: The difference in size between primary and permanent incisors

Photo of a primary dentition with necrotic upper central incisors and an anterior open bite. The mother said that her daughter was a thumb sucker, and her previous dentist told her the open bite will close if she stopped the habit. The mother said her daughter stopped the habit 11 months ago and she is concerned about the persistence of the open bite. What should you say to her?

Answer: The open bite may be skeletal and not solely due to habit; need evaluation

Same question, what to do?

Answer: Resin composite bonding or crowns on lateral incisors

Patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and encounter root resorption, what should you do?

Answer: Stop active movement, monitor, and consider changing treatment plan

A photo of upper anterior teeth with small lateral incisors compared to central incisors, what is the cause of Bolton discrepancy and why space not closing?

Answer: Tooth size discrepancy (Bolton discrepancy)

What should you do when you have to break bad news to a patient?

Answer: Be direct, empathetic, and in a private setting

Dental compensation in skeletal class III?

Answer: Proclined upper incisors

Dr went a conference the conference they offered 1000 US for the lecture should the DR take that money?

Answer: Yes, if it is an honorarium for services rendered

Non – maleficence?

Answer: To avoid harm

Dentist decides to do surgical extraction of mandibular third molar even though he is does not have experience. By doing that he contradicts which law of ethics?

Answer: Non-maleficence (do no harm)

How would you identify functional shift of the mandible clinically, He said shift during the bite and asking how to confirm it ?

Answer: Observe closure from rest position to habitual occlusion; use leaf gauge

Mother took her child to dental clinic, dentist start working without washing his hands, so mother complained about the dentist behavior, what is infection control means?

Answer: Breach of standard precautions

Same Qs pics, case with high canines buccally both side upper, what the anchorage demands?

Answer: Minimum to moderate anchorage

Patient cured from Tuberculosis how to treat him?

Answer: No special precautions needed if cured

Why dentists’ rights down patient complain on the file?

Answer: For legal documentation and continuity of care

Dentist refer patients to specialist without discuss anything with him what’s the dentist ignoring ethically?

Answer: Patient autonomy and informed consent

Parents make their child take money from people and make him falls and cry (something like that) the word description of this type of hurt the child?

Answer: Child abuse or neglect

Pic, case with unilateral cross bite, asking what the reason?

Answer: Dental constriction or early loss of primary tooth

Droplet infection protocol?

Answer: Wear mask and eye protection

Patient admire female dentist and want to keep in touch with her what to do?

Answer: Maintain professional boundaries

Side effect of class III elastics?

Answer: Flaring of lower incisors and proclination

Pic, case with unilateral cross bite and lower lateral erupt inclined lingually, asking u what’s the kind of this cross bite?

Answer: Dental crossbite

In uncontrolled tipping?

Answer: At a point between the apex and the crest of the alveolar bone

Pics, class II case with upper 1st premolar extraction asking what the anchorage demands?

Answer: Maximum anchorage in upper arch

Patient came with renal failure want to preserve his teeth what preservation material that contraindicated?

Answer: Formocresol (or other materials metabolized by kidneys)

Why do we stop class II elastics before 2 weeks of debonding?

Answer: To allow settling and avoid rebound

Which of these is the three principle ethical concept?

Answer: Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence

What the minimum space between the tooth and the dental implant should be at least?

Answer: 1.5 mm

case scenario, What is Infantile swallowing?

Answer: Tongue thrust swallow

Another patient photographs CLASS I given with buccally placed canines lower arch is normal? Asked 5 questions about it? Treatment plan?

Answer: Likely need for extraction to relieve crowding

Extraction pattern for this case?

Answer: First premolars

Anchorage for the lower arch case? NO EXO

Answer: Maximum anchorage

If you are applying a force from an implant positioned very near to the tooth and the wire, what will happen to the deflection rate?

Answer: The force will be greater due to decreased interbracket distance

In controlled tipping where is the center of rotation?

Answer: At the apex of the tooth

Patient complains about a bulge in the upper corner of the mouth?

Answer: Erupting canine

2nd Order Bend in preadjusted brackets?

Answer: Tip is built-in

Photos of a case with class II Div 2 malocclusion with sever upper and moderate lower arch crowding, and reduced lower facial height, upper incisor to maxillary plane angle was 123, lower 98, molars were class II bilaterally the case was treated on extraction bases, what is the most appropriate extraction pattern?

Answer: Upper first premolars, lower first premolars

Reason for more interincisal angle? ** same case above

Answer: Retroclined upper incisors

A case with class III malocclusion on a mild class III skeletal base with concave profile, reduced lower facial height, reversed overjet (

Answer: Likely need for orthognathic surgery

(Long case scenario) 10 years old girl lost her left primary first molar, treatment of choice?

Answer: Space maintainer

65 years old patient, complain clicking appear after 2 weeks after hit on face what is the treatment?

Answer: Soft diet, NSAIDs, possible splint therapy

What is the mean roller coaster effect?

Answer: Deepening of bite during initial alignment phase

Same Qs but they said the orthodontic doctor applies -14 degrees torques, asking why?

Answer: To upright lingually inclined molars

Pics, Case came to you with supernumerary teeth besides in all quadrants and there are anterior crowding in upper and lower, what’s the treatment including the extraction of supernumerary?

Answer: Extract supernumeraries, then assess space and plan ortho treatment (likely extraction of premolars)

Pictures, case with class II div 2, the case was class II canine and molar in left side and class I canine and molar in the right side with upper midline shift toward the right side, asking what your treatment is?

Answer: Asymmetric mechanics (e.g., unilateral Class II elastics)

(Pics) spacing, finished orthodontic case with upper anterior spaces present, class I molar & canines, the excess in Bolton present in 80 %?

Answer: Bolton discrepancy - Maxillary tooth material excess

External approach for quality health care?

Answer: Benchmarking against other institutions (Mortality & morbidity rates)

Periapical view of incisors with sever root resorption, mild space occurs between the lateral and central incisors, the patient wants to undergo retreatment to close the space, what should you do?

Answer: Advise against movement, consider restorative options (composite bonding)

patient 81 years senior doctor forgettable and write prescription for the patient and you try talk to him but became angry and denying, what you do?

Answer: Discuss with supervisor or ethics committee, prioritize patient safety

Patient who lost his upper left second primary molar, what type of headgear should you use?

Answer: Cervical pull headgear (to prevent mesial drift of the first molar)

Outer bow goes up when pushing upward?

Answer: It will create a distal crown tip and mesial root tip (extrusive effect on posterior teeth)

Patient took a new medication and suddenly he develops itching, rashes, redness and difficulty in breathing, what is the problem?

Answer: Anaphylactic allergic reaction

Company offers you 1000 S to advertise for their drug in your abroad presentation, what you do?

Answer: Decline to avoid conflict of interest

Most common complication associated with impacted canines?

Answer: Root resorption of adjacent lateral incisor

Surgical case with decrease lower facial height, what to do with the curve of spee with extruded lower incisors?

Answer: Intrude lower incisors to level the curve of spee

Company gives you money to describe a drug to patients?

Answer: Conflict of interest, should not accept

Photo of a patient with a class I malocclusion who encountered trauma to the upper incisor’s teeth, he lost 21 and 22 and 11 and 12 where hopeless, what is the best treatment?

Answer: Implants or bridge after healing

What is the adverse event?

Answer: An unintended injury caused by medical management

8 years old after extraction of supernumerary on area of 11, how central incisor will erupt, what happen to 11?

Answer: Space might be lost, need for space maintenance or eruption guidance

Same photo of distorted 014 NiTi archwires, the Patient came to his second orthodontic visit and you found this image, what should you do?

Answer: Replace the distorted wire

Old lady with crowding and deep bite wants to do braces, where to do braces where to place ceramic brackets?

Answer: Ceramic brackets on upper anterior teeth for aesthetics

Why you don’t place ceramic bracket in lower arch?

Answer: Risk of enamel wear on opposing teeth

Most common area of supernumerary teeth?

Answer: Maxillary anterior region (mesiodens)

Anterior cross bite and treat only upper teeth and in another picture treatment done the question why we don’t treat lower jaw?

Answer: The crossbite is dental, not skeletal, and the mandible is normal

A very mobile tooth during orthodontic, what to do?

Answer: Stop force on that tooth, evaluate for overloading or pathology

Same questions, what is the cause?

Answer: Skeletal open bite or tongue thrust

Canine stability is more in upper or lower?

Answer: Lower canines are more stable

Picture of open bite, mother came to you; she said that the child stopped thumb sucking 6 months ago. Now he is 6 years old but the open bite still exists, what to do?

Answer: Monitor, may self-correct; if not, consider habit appliance

A female patient complained of TMJ clicking & deviation of the mandible while opening but return to the middle, what is the treatment?

Answer: Occlusal splint and physical therapy

A case of a class III malocclusion, unilateral posterior cross bite with no shift, upper arch crowding, and 2 mm anterior open bite. The case was managed with extraction and class III elastics, what is negative effect that class III elastics will have on the case?

Answer: May worsen the open bite

What is the largest distance that lower incisor teeth can be moved anteriorly without compromising the stability?

Answer: 2-3 mm

How much you can flare lower anterior teeth?

Answer: Up to 2 mm beyond labial cortex

(Long case scenario), patient completed molar up righting. Fixed bridge should be placed within?

Answer: 3-6 months

You stop orthodontic treatment for patient because?

Answer: If there is severe root resorption or periodontal breakdown

What is usual underlying cause of a unilateral posterior cross bite accomplished by a functional shift of the mandible?

Answer: Constricted maxilla

A picture of diastema in 11 years old patient with missing 12,22, what is the cause of diastema (large diastema) reason?

Answer: Tooth size discrepancy or frenum attachment

Action of bisphosphonate?

Answer: Inhibit osteoclast activity

The decision of patient that no one can inter or touch his inner parts of his body without his permission?

Answer: Autonomy

Pics for lower arch only, they said this case with cross bite and the ortho doctor decided to put a molar buccal tube with

Answer: Possibly a lingual arch or quad-helix for expansion

You have patient with multiple conditions to be addressed what will be your approach?

Answer: Prioritize based on urgency and patient's chief complaint

in this pic small ear and small unilateral jaw?

Answer: Hemifacial microsomia

Medial rib comes to your clinic and tells you many good things about new drug for diabetes, and leaves many samples, what should you do?

Answer: Decline samples and avoid conflict of interest

What is cause of late mandible crowding in 56 years patient?

Answer: Mesial drift and continued growth changes

At the beginning of the operation day in the clinic, you should start the water/air spray for three minutes in order to get rid of which type of microorganism?

Answer: Legionella bacteria

Wire thickness 0.01 gives force of 20 Newton’s, if the wire is .020, how much for this stiffness?

Answer: 320 Newtons (stiffness proportional to d^4)

0 16

Answer: 320 (force for 0.016 wire would be 20 * (16^4)/(10^4) = 20*65536/10000=131 N? This calculation seems off. Let's clarify: If 0.01" gives 20N, then 0.02" gives 20*(0.02/0.01)^4 = 20*16=320N)

(Long case scenario) Orthodontist used a dual wire to treat the case, what is the design?

Answer: Base archwire with auxiliary spring

Last point on load-deflection curve?

Answer: Failure point

Step in the wire?

Answer: Creates a couple (moment)

(Long case scenario) A 7 or 8 years old child with impacted central incisors #21 but #11 has erupted, with x

Answer: Remove obstruction (e.g., supernumerary) and use traction

Crowding develops in mouth breathing patients as a result of?

Answer: Improper tongue posture and buccal muscle pressure

What is the good time for using nasal molding?

Answer: Within first few weeks of life

Serial extraction done in?

Answer: Early mixed dentition stage

The best time for extract lower first molar (6) to bring second molar (7) is?

Answer: When the third molar is present to replace the second

What is the most common sign of TMD? a patient with click symptoms and deviation of the mandible while opening but return to the middle, what's the txt?

Answer: Disc displacement with reduction

What is the sign of successful expansion?

Answer: Diastema between central incisors

Slow progress in molar uprighting in an adult is usually due to?

Answer: Ankylosis or root proximity

Increase in adult body size is related to?

Answer: Early puberty

Patient has a signal clicking unilateral deviation pain as an electric that’s increase with cold and air?

Answer: Cracked tooth syndrome

TMD problem?

Answer: Disc displacement or muscle disorder

Patient complains of pain in TMJ after extraction of 3rd molar a week ago, the reason?

Answer: Trismus or dry socket

Best way to choose arch form? what’s the best arch form to use?

Answer: Based on patient's pre-treatment arch form

Picture of patient, maxillary arch and mandibular with no Patient arch form NOTE:

Answer: Likely tapered arch form

When you double the size of the spring?

Answer: Force decreases by half (for same deflection)

By doubling the diameters of wire, how the strength change?

Answer: Stiffness increases by 16 times

Best way to diagnose TMJ clinically?

Answer: Palpation and auscultation

Wire has broken during bending, he asked about elastic for wires?

Answer: It lacks formability

In which stage lip and palate fusion occur?

Answer: 6-12 weeks in utero

Wire fractured during bending?

Answer: Due to work hardening

Photographs given all the teeth in upper and lower arch well aligned 36 is missing and 37 is Mesially tilted what’s the treatment plan to upright 37?

Answer: Use a uprighting spring or sectional archwire

Regarding step bend between two teeth?

Answer: Creates a moment on each tooth

Palatal impacted canines?

Answer: Often due to lack of space

Maxillary large diastema?

Answer: Due to frenum or tooth size discrepancy

Trauma behind upper central incisors in palate, cause?

Answer: Deep overbite

The major face problem arises from?

Answer: First pharyngeal arch

16 years patient with mild skeletal class III and dental cl III with lower and upper anterior spaces and overjet

Answer: Camouflage treatment with extraction

A dentist giving lectures on oral health to the staff and other members. Which dental ethic he is following by doing that?

Answer: Veracity and beneficence

Non- maleficence?

Answer: Do no harm

Patient came with premature loss of lower left deciduous canine and he has no problems with the midline or spaces, what is the management?

Answer: Space maintainer if needed

9 years old patient came with missing lower canines bilaterally, how to manage it?

Answer: Evaluate for crowding, may need space maintenance

(Long case scenario) of a female patient using bisphosphonates, how long needed for the patient after drug cessation so orthodontic treatment can be started?

Answer: 3 months to 1 year (depending on type)

What is the tooth responsible for maintain the arch in the mandible?

Answer: First permanent molar

Face bow transfer?

Answer: For recording maxillary position relative to condyles

When using open coil spring to create space in the arch, what is the ideal length of NiTi coils spring to select if the inter

Answer: 2-3 mm longer than the space

An 11 years old boy that had Burkitt lymphoma and was treated with chemotherapy, what are the risks during orthodontic treatment?

Answer: Root resorption and compromised healing

9 years old patient with history of Burkit lymphoma, chemotherapy when he was 7 years old, what is the orthodontic management?

Answer: Beware of root shortening; use light forces

Patient having midface hypoplasia, large toe and thumb?

Answer: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

A case was given with the retained primary right second molar, there was no second premolar underneath. The case was class I malocclusion, with arches level completely in upper and lower jaws, minimal crowding with acceptable profile. The question was?

Answer: Keep primary molar if root is good, or replace with implant

A case scenario was given with skeletal class III malocclusion, class III molar and incisor relationships reverse overjet, minimal overbite, all first molars were fille

Answer: Likely need for orthognathic surgery

Best method of patient identification is?

Answer: Use two identifiers (name and DOB)

A picture was given with missing upper right central incisor in 8 year old child and asking why incisor not erupted yet. History shows trauma to primary central incisor with loss of the tooth?

Answer: Ankylosis or deflection of permanent tooth

A 13 year old child with missing one central incisor, other central incisor erupted regularly; there was no issue of space in the arch. Asking what is the reason?

Answer: Congenital absence (anodontia)

Case scenario was given with missing upper left lateral incisor and patient was young, they asked which tooth to select for auto transplantation of missing lateral incisor?

Answer: First premolar

Case scenario patient have pain and how to distinguish or differentiate between myofascial pain or intercapsular inflammation?

Answer: Myofascial pain is muscular, intercapsular is joint

Patient age 10 years and have lower left canine missed and there is shift for right canine which cause shift?

Answer: Loss of arch length

Case scenario patient use Nance, class II end molar and permanent there? canine and molar and canine blocked out why we use Nance?

Answer: For anchorage reinforcement

Moderate crowding in lower and you will extract lower premolar to retract canine without tipping for other teeth?

Answer: Use sliding mechanics with maximum anchorage

Swap lower bracket of canine bracket?

Answer: To achieve proper torque

Lingual arch space maintainer?

Answer: For bilateral loss of primary molars

When to start orthodontics after distraction?

Answer: After consolidation

Anterior 2/3 of tongue develop from?

Answer: First pharyngeal arch

The Most common cause of unilateral cross bites in children?

Answer: Functional shift due to constriction

Patient who get pregnant during orthodontic treatment, what is the most appropriate measure?

Answer: Continue with light forces and monitor

Patient have maxillary permanent canine as well as maxillary and mandibular second premolars erupted, what is the dental age of this patient?

Answer: Around 11-12 years old

Define moment arm?

Answer: Perpendicular distance from line of force to center of resistance

A mother and child 6 years old came to the, mother is concerned Polysomnography if ask u about diagnosis

Answer: Sleep apnea evaluation

Which of the following surgical procedures require facebow registration and articulator mounting?

Answer: Orthognathic surgery cases

You decided to make a removable appliance for the patient, you write instructions for the lab technician to construct the spring with .016

Answer: Specify wire type (e.g., stainless steel) and dimensions

Patient came after two months following completion of orthodontic treatment with 2 mm displacement of a single lower incisor, what should you do?

Answer: Re-activate retainer or consider minor tooth movement

Which of the following wire have the largest deflection and the lowest force level?

Answer: Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)

After a course of orthodontic treatment, a patient came with white lesion in the upper lateral incisor, what is this defect?

Answer: Enamel decalcification (white spot lesion)

(Long case scenario) for a patient with unilateral cross-bite and mandibular shift. How to diagnose?

Answer: Check centric relation vs centric occlusion

How to stabilize the maxillary arch after surgical expansion?

Answer: Use a fixed retainer

How many millimeters you can move using activators?

Answer: 2-3 mm

(Long case scenario) upper moderate crowding, class II case, what teeth to extract?

Answer: Upper first premolars, lower first premolars

About the chronical age and dental age relation?

Answer: Not directly related

Double the wire diameter?

Answer: Stiffness increases 16 times

Mandibular Hyperplasia how to diagnose?

Answer: Ceph and bone scan

Incompetent patient?

Answer: Cannot give consent

5 mm per week

Answer: Too fast movement, should be 1 mm/month

Wit appraisal?

Answer: Cephalometric analysis

Canine impacted, doctors want to extract the canine and 1st molar why used headgear?

Answer: To distalize molars and gain space

Question shows 2 pictures, 1st picture: Crossbite (buccal cusp of upper contact the lingual cusp of lower), 2nd picture: Crossbite (buccal cusp of upper in central fossa of lower)?

Answer: First is buccal crossbite, second is lingual crossbite

Patient has diastema and rotation of upper central incisor?

Answer: CSF and fixed retainer

Frenectomy?

Answer: After space closure

The Late onset of puberty, how it affects the adult?

Answer: Longer growth period, taller stature

How much force is needed to displace (distalized) one arch relative to other, what is the minimum force?

Answer: 50-100 grams

After maxillary expansion, why we give negative torque bracket in maxillary posterior teeth?

Answer: To counteract buccal crown torque

If you want to retract the upper fist canine with 100 N force magnitude and we need a force to overcome friction, what we add?

Answer: Additional 50-100 grams

10 years old growing patient with class II div 2, on intraoral picture extrusion upper molar & retrusion mandible (deficiency), best treatment?

Answer: High-pull headgear and functional appliance

Diagnose your patient in waiting area, you break?

Answer: Patient confidentiality

Case (senior) of class II div 2, sever crowding with carious molars, the patient wants to have ceramic brackets, what to choose?

Answer: Metal brackets on posterior teeth for strength

Picture of intrusion arch like cantilever design applied (there are 3 points A, B, C. Where is the center of resistance of four upper incisors of whole segment?

Answer: Between roots of central incisors

Better way to avoid medicine problems?

Answer: Computerized prescription

Patient present with open bite, you did intrusion of upper molars by 2mm, how much open bite will be closed?

Answer: Approximately 1 mm (1:1 ratio)

Controlled tipping?

Answer: Center of rotation at apex

Case of 8 years old boy with deficient maxilla and retrognathic

Answer: Facemask therapy

Asymmetrical V bend between two central incisors, more to right central (A) than left central (B). How much moment on tooth B?

Answer: Smaller moment than on tooth A

Most common teeth in hypdontia? (congintal missing )

Answer: Third molars, second premolars, lateral incisors

What is the best investigation in sleep apnea by Image ?

Answer: Cephalometric analysis

Case scenario with upper and lower flaring incisors, skeletally class III all the teeth are intact except the 16, 26 and 46 were filled with restoration. Q.was about the treatment plan only?

Answer: Possible extraction of first molars due to large restorations

Same above scenario and asking what will happen?

Answer: Incisors will intrude and tip lingually

When tooth erupted?

Answer: When 2/3 root formed

21 years patient case with impacted upper and lower canine and retained C and buccally positioned premolar ask what is treatment?

Answer: Extract retained C, expose canines, align

Lower right primary second molar with no 45 class I malocclusion acceptable mild crowding in the upper?

Answer: Extract primary molar and allow eruption

(how much the amount of movement expected in each positioned) OR (Maximum amount of tooth movement should be done by one positioner) a

Answer: 1-2 mm

skeletal class ii growing, open bite best ttt

Answer: High-pull headgear and vertical chin cup

Using class iii elastic on patient open bite ?

Answer: May worsen open bite

Management of anterior disc displacement with reduction ?

Answer: Anterior repositioning splint

Image of white spot post debonding around previous bracket position what is the dx ?

Answer: Enamel decalcification

Case scenario was given with skeletal class III malocclusion with 3 of molars have filling (one of them large filling, other small) SNA and SNB is 91 ?

Answer: Skeletal class III

Case with ankylosis primary first and second molar and There are permanent successors ?

Answer: Extract ankylosed teeth

Photos of a case with class II Div 2 malocclusion with sever upper and moderate lower arch crowding, and reduced lower facial height, the case was treated on extraction bases, what is the most appropriate extraction patten?

Answer: Upper first premolars, lower first premolars

A case with class III malocclusion on a mild class III skeletal base with concave profile, reduced lower facial height, reversed overjet (

Answer: Orthognathic surgery

Pics, case u want to do intrusion for the 2nd and 1st left premolar, but the doc find difficulty putting the TADs, asking why?

Answer: Poor bone quality or anatomy

Class III case with reverse over jet -1 mm and missing upper lateral with 5mm crowding in the lower incisor, asking what to do?

Answer: Extract lower premolars and correct crowding

After finishing of orthodontic treatment, lower arch completely aligned but there is still some spaces left in the upper anterior region despite complete closure of spaces in upper posteior region with good occlusion. What is the Bolton's discrepancy here?

Answer: Maxillary anterior tooth size excess

A case scenario given describing Bolton's values for overall and anterior maxillary and mandibular figures for the given case. What is the Bolton's discrepancy here? Overall: 9

Answer: Mandibular excess

What is the ideal age for RPE?

Answer: Before puberty (8-12 years)

Another case scenario was class II division 2, upper incisor angulation was increased, lower arch was perfectly fine with normal incisor angulation, the molars were class II bilaterally, question about treatment plan?

Answer: Extract upper first premolars only

A case scenario was given with skeletal class III malocclusion, class III molar and incisor relationships, reverse overjet, minimal overbite, all first molars were fille

Answer: Orthognathic surgery

A skeletal class I case with class II molar relation, and asking why molars class II?

Answer: Mesial rotation of upper first molar

What Is The Optimal Time Of Wiearing Funtional Appliance To Get Effective Treatment?

Answer: 12-14 hours per day

SNA 73 SNB 70 ANB 3. Patient with protrusive upper and lower teeth, lips incompetent is diagnosed as?

Answer: Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion

Ethics meaning :

Answer: veracity – truthfulness , confidentiality . justice – fairness . autonomy

What happens to the incompetent lips when conversion from childhood to adolescent?

Answer: May become competent with growth

Movement of the condyle & disc?

Answer: Condyle translates, disc rotates

21 years male with class II skeletal and dental, 15,25 impacted palatially with anterior moderate crowding in upper and lower tooth and canine is labioversion, what is the treatment?

Answer: Extract premolars and expose canines

Patient diagnosis class II and the treatment decided low head gear, for distalization. How much & duration of wearing appliance & for how long?

Answer: 12-14 hours/day for 12-18 months

Canine impacted palatally?

Answer: Often due to lack of space

An orthodontist place a mini-implant in the mid of upper central incisors for intrusion of upper incisors, what kind of moment will be generated?

Answer: Lingual crown moment

A case Class II division 2 was given, upper incisor to maxillary plane angle was 123, lower 98, molars were class II bilaterally, they asked treatment plan for this patient?

Answer: Extract upper first premolars, lower none or second premolars

A rickets utility arch picture given and asked, what will happen in the lower anteriors?

Answer: Intrusion and flaring

What is the ideal force for facemask?

Answer: 500-600 grams

How long to wear facemask daily?

Answer: 14-16 hours

What is the typical treatment duration for facemask?

Answer: 6-12 months

What is the risk of segmental osteotomy?

Answer: Tooth devitalization

What is the indication for genioplasty?

Answer: Chin deficiency or excess

What is the most common genioplasty technique?

Answer: Horizontal sliding

What is the risk of genioplasty?

Answer: Mental nerve injury

How to avoid mental nerve injury in genioplasty?

Answer: Subperiosteal dissection

What is the effect of genioplasty on lip competence?

Answer: Improvement

What is the stability of genioplasty?

Answer: High

What is the indication for counterclockwise rotation of mandible?

Answer: Long face syndrome

What is the risk of counterclockwise rotation?

Answer: Relapse

What is the effect of counterclockwise rotation on airway?

Answer: Increase

What is the effect of clockwise rotation on airway?

Answer: Decrease

How to plan for clockwise rotation?

Answer: Cephalometric prediction

What is the indication for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO)?

Answer: Mandibular advancement or setback

How to protect nerve during BSSO?

Answer: Careful dissection and visualization

What is the most common complication of BSSO?

Answer: Nerve paresthesia

What is the rate of permanent paresthesia after BSSO?

Answer: 5-10%

What is the indication for vertical ramus osteotomy?

Answer: Mandibular setback

What is the advantage of VRO over BSSO?

Answer: Lower nerve injury risk

What is the disadvantage of VRO?

Answer: Less stability

How to fixate VRO?

Answer: Rigid internal fixation

What is the indication for distraction osteogenesis?

Answer: Severe deficiency

What is the mechanism of distraction osteogenesis?

Answer: Slow bone formation

What is the main risk of overexpansion?

Answer: Relapse

What is the typical rate of distraction?

Answer: 1 mm per day

What is the force range for rapid palatal expansion?

Answer: 2000-3000 grams

What is the primary treatment for functional crossbite?

Answer: Maxillary expansion

What is the most common transposition in primary dentition?

Answer: Canine and first premolar

C II skeletal with a C I molar, why?

Answer: Dental compensation

what’s the stationary anchorage?

Answer: No movement of anchor unit

Best time for tooth transplantation ?

Answer: When root is 1/2 to 2/3 formed

Tow image for patient has extracted 15,25,35,45 for ortho what the best arch form is a

Answer: Ovoid arch form

Class II angel malocclusion with missed 12,22 lights curved 13,23 how to finish the case? a

Answer: Canine substitution

Class II patient who was only treated with an extraction of upper 1st premolars, what’s relationships be at the end of treatment?

Answer: Class II molar, class I canine

Newborn patient has CLP and doctor decided the need of nasopharyngeal plate the best time is?

Answer: Within first few weeks

Bracket used for manage class II div 2?

Answer: High torque on incisors

Different between Hass and Hyrax expander?

Answer: Hass has acrylic coverage

Pic and the question is where the center of resistance of four upper incisors?

Answer: Apical to the CEJ between central and lateral roots

Many questions and asking what the angulations of the canine : some distallyangulated and some mesially angulated in the EXAM

Answer: Varies, typically mesial angulation

Definition of intermittent force?

Answer: Force that is not constant

important factor in the inflammatory process for act as (2nd messenger) for initiation of bone resorption?

Answer: prostaglandins

spaces between upper central teeth of 10 y old patients, why and how to treat?

Answer: Ugly duckling stage, observe

diagnose unilateral posterior crossbite?

Answer: Check for functional shift

A patient with rudimentary ramus, external ear deformities with underdeveloped face on right side. Which of the following condition is the patient is having?

Answer: Hemifacial microsomia

956

Answer: Not clear

Mandibular canines lost at the age of the 8 years. Which of the following treatment should be done?

Answer: Space maintainer

A patient came with the mild lower anterior crowding at the age of 9 years with early loss of canine on one side. What is the treatment plan?

Answer: Lingual arch space maintainer

The first tissue to react when orthodontic forces are applied is

Answer: PDL

5 to 1.5 yrs

Answer: Not clear

condyle intraethmoidal and intrasphenoidal synchondrosis close before birth? intraoccpital synchondrosis close before 5 years? sphenoidal synchondrosis close before 6 years? sphenooccipital synchondrosis ossify at 13

Answer: Not clear

What is the usual cause of unilateral posterior crossbite?

Answer: Functional mandibular shift

How to diagnose true unilateral crossbite?

Answer: Check occlusion in centric relation

Which appliance is used for slow maxillary expansion?

Answer: Quad-helix

What is the consolidation period after distraction?

Answer: 6-8 weeks

What is the key anatomical structure in BSSO?

Answer: Inferior alveolar nerve

What is the indication for maxillary distraction?

Answer: Severe maxillary deficiency

What is the material for surgical splint?

Answer: Acrylic

How to ensure accuracy of surgical splint?

Answer: Check fit on models

How to mount models on articulator?

Answer: Using facebow and centric relation record

What is the material for temporary splint?

Answer: Acrylic

How long to wear surgical splint postoperatively?

Answer: 2-4 weeks

When to remove surgical splint?

Answer: After initial healing

What is the risk of nerve damage in BSSO?

Answer: Inferior alveolar nerve injury

What is the treatment for persistent paresthesia?

Answer: Medication (e.g.

What is the disadvantage of distraction?

Answer: Long treatment time

Patient has deep bite and incisor crown exposure is 6 mm how will you treat this case?

Answer: Intrude incisors or extrude molars

A patient with sparse hair and eyelashes disturbances in development, hypodontia is undergoing orthodontic tooth movement. Which of the following is the potential complication?

Answer: Root resorption

Frenectomy for midline diastema?

Answer: After space closure

Intrusion arch causes in upper anterior teeth?

Answer: Lingual crown torque and intrusion

A pic of orthodontic treatment the upper arch has expansion appliance with braces, why did they postpone the lower arch braces application?

Answer: To allow for maxillary expansion first

Cardio patient: when you use prophylactic antibiotics?

Answer: For procedures likely to cause bacteremia

Decreased the inter-incisal angle?

Answer: Bimaxillary protrusion

Increased the inter-incisal angle?

Answer: Class II division 2

Definition of intermittent force?

Answer: Force that declines when appliance is out

Qs About the Reinforcement anchorage >> and it was the Pendulum because it takes the anchorage reinforcements from the palate and premolars to distalize the molar

Answer: Yes, palatal anchorage

Advantage of smart clip self-ligating brackets?

Answer: Reduced friction

Class II case with extraction of upper & lower first premolars, the anchorage in the upper arch?

Answer: Maximum anchorage

Arterial blood supply of lower incisors?

Answer: Inferior alveolar artery

A case scenario was given of a patient with deep bite, short face height, class II molars bilaterally and overjet of 5 mm. which wire would you chose to apply in lower arch with class II elastics?

Answer: Stainless steel archwire

A picture was given with patient wearing midline elastics from upper left canine to lower right canine, class III elastics on left, and class II elastic on right? What is happening?

Answer: Correcting midline and class II/III relationship

This appliance picture was given, what wire does the uprighting helical spring is made off in 022 slot?

Answer: 0.016 or 0.017 x 0.025 TMA

What is the format for 3D printing splint?

Answer: STL or PLY

How to design surgical splint digitally?

Answer: Using STL files

What is the most frequent missing teeth = congenital missed?

Answer: Third molars, second premolars

What is the first step in digital treatment planning?

Answer: Import scans to software

What is the device for maxillary distraction?

Answer: Red or internal device

Which software is used for digital orthodontic planning?

Answer: Dolphin or Invisalign

What is the role of orthodontist during distraction?

Answer: Guide occlusion

What is the stability of segmental vs one-piece LeFort I?

Answer: Less stable

What is the indication for segmental LeFort I?

Answer: Transverse discrepancy

What is the main side effect of facemask?

Answer: Midface flattening

What is the effect of LeFort I on nasal tip?

Answer: Elevation

What is the effect of facemask on maxilla?

Answer: Forward and downward movement

What is the indication for chin cup in Class III?

Answer: Vertical growth pattern

How does chin cup work?

Answer: Inhibits mandibular growth

What is the treatment duration for chin cup?

Answer: 12-18 months

What is the main risk of chin cup?

Answer: TMJ dysfunction

How to control vector during distraction?

Answer: Device orientation

What is the alternative to chin cup in adults?

Answer: Orthognathic surgery

How to manage TMJ pain during chin cup therapy?

Answer: Reduce force or discontinue

What is the best imaging for surgical planning?

Answer: CBCT

What is the risk of excessive decompensation?

Answer: Root resorption

What is the typical amount of decompensation needed?

Answer: 2-4 mm

How to decompensate Class II case?

Answer: Retrocline lower incisors

How to decompensate Class III case?

Answer: Procline lower incisors

How to monitor root health during decompensation?

Answer: Regular radiographs

What is the key factor for surgical stability?

Answer: Proper fixation

What is the most stable surgical procedure for Class II?

Answer: BSSO advancement

What is the most stable surgical procedure for Class III?

Answer: BSSO setback

What is the role of orthodontist in surgical cases?

Answer: Decompensation

Cephalomertric xray, with arrow to a frontal surface of the chin, asking what is the point?

Answer: Pogonion

Panoramic x-ray with missing teeth, what is the teeth missing?

Answer: 17,47 because the third molar is still developing on other side

Cephalomertic x-ray, what is the analysis?

Answer: Sassouni Analysis

Fixed lingual retainer? To allow interdental flossing and oral hygiene

Answer: Lingual retainer facilitate flossing

A case scenario was given with cephalometric readings, and they asked what is the reason of decreased inter incisal angle?

Answer: Bimaxillary proclination

(Long case scenario), Case with the crowding and acceptable profile and ceph reading of 105 upper and 86 lower, SNA & SNB reduced, ANB =3, what’s the case?

Answer: Skeletal Class II with mandibular deficiency

Cephalometric x-rays, superimposition what happened?

Answer: Downward and forward growth of the mandible

Cephalometric x-ray, superimposition usually did use what structure mandible (for mandibular imposition)?

Answer: Mandibular canal or inner cortical plate of symphysis

OPG in early mixed dentition, what is the abnormality?

Answer: Ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molar

Case with periapical x-ray and the permanent 1st molar is erupted ectopically toward the 2nd primary molar and it causes a mild resorption not that much!! Asking what to do?

Answer: Wait for spontaneous correction or use a separator/brass wire

Ectopic first molar? What radiograph

Answer: Bitewing radiograph

A case of patient presented with infra-occlusion first permanent molar, and you suspected primary failure of eruption, what type of radiograph you need to take next?

Answer: CBCT or periapical radiograph to check ankylosis

Lingual retainer material?

Answer: 0.0175 braided stainless steel wire

How many months post rapid palatal expansion stabilization for hyalization? (hyrax) in another ques

Answer: 3-6 months

A photo and x-ray of a patient who had trauma to both primary central incisors, one of the permanent incisors erupted but the other did not erupt for more than 6 months ago, what is the cause?

Answer: Dilaceration or ankylosis of the permanent tooth

Patient complained from difficulty of breathing & had being diagnosed with OSA, what is the most unique feature from the cephalometric radiograph?

Answer: Retruded mandible and/or large tongue (macroglossia)

Patient came to you with sleep apnea, from cephalometric x-ray what is the cause?

Answer: Decreased posterior airway space (PAS)

Picture of cephalometric and question about obstructive sleep apnea, what the commonly presented with?

Answer: Retrogna-thic mandible, large overjet, long soft palate

(Long case scenario), Cephalometric done using sassouni analysis, the finding: all the lines meet closer to the face posteriorly, while diverge anteriorly, diagnosis?

Answer: Skeletal open bite tendency

(Periapical x-ray) tooth between 2 centrals?

Answer: Mesiodens (supernumerary tooth)

An OPG with round radiopaque mass distal to the lower right third molar, what is the abnormality, what is the lesion?

Answer: Complex odontoma (or calcified cyst)

Patient came to you after referral from general dentist with TMD, had braces before & he has poor occlusion now, his dentist told him that braces will improve his TMD symptoms. He also has fix retainer & impacted 3rd molar, deciduous E without premolar?

Answer: Need comprehensive evaluation. Ortho may not cure TMD. Address impacted 3rd molars and missing premolars.

An x-ray of 10 years old patient with retained and ankylosed lower primary molar, what to do?

Answer: Extract the ankylosed tooth and consider space maintainer

Female case 12 years with ceph, showing proclined upper incisors and retrognathic mandible and large overjet and maybe CS3 on the ceph (not sure). How to treat?

Answer: Functional appliance to modify growth

Pics, case showing x-ray with ankylosed 1st & 2nd primary molar, with a very nearly eruption of 1st & 2nd premolars, what to do?

Answer: Extract ankylosed teeth to allow premolar eruption

Case with pics and CBCT showing 2 lesions or cyst above apex of 2 central incisors, what to do?

Answer: Refer to oral surgeon for enucleation and biopsy

Case with flared incisor and deep bite, what’s the most common type of relapse?

Answer: Return of overbite and overjet

Case had deep bite before, what is retention protocol?

Answer: Hawley retainer with anterior bite plate

What is the type of gingival and periodontal fiber that is responsible for rotation relapse?

Answer: Supracrestal fibers (especially transeptal fibers)

What is the cause of relapse in rotated teeth after 1 year of completion of orthodontic treatment?

Answer: Elastic recoil of the gingival and periodontal fibers

What’s the gingival fibers cause relapse after correcting vertical problem?

Answer: Same as above, gingival fiber elasticity

To prevent rotation relapse?

Answer: Circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy (CSF)

What do you see in this superimposition in class II correction, you see enlarged nose?

Answer: This might indicate forward growth of the maxilla or poor superimposition technique

Case of ceph has increase Ar-SN, decrease SN-GO, E-line more negative & lower lip it’s at rest, what is diagnosis?

Answer: Mandibular deficiency (Class II)

In lateral cephalometric x-ray, what is magnification that should be taken in account?

Answer: Usually around 7-10% magnification, depends on machine

Error happens in cephalomertric x-ray?

Answer: Positioning error is most common (rotation, tilt)

Case with OPG and they told you the patient come to the clinic with spares eyelashes and eyebrows, asking what the case is? Note: conical shape canine

Answer: Ectodermal dysplasia

Long case scenario with photos, x-rays, Ceph interpretations, and a table that contain Bolton analysis, anterior ratio is 7

Answer: Bolton discrepancy - likely mandibular excess

What sort of Modification should you introduce to Hawley retainer in extraction cases?

Answer: Add acrylic to block space reopening

Pics with ceph and reading, asking you why the incisor angle is increased or decreased? Because of what? I think the case is Class II div2?

Answer: Increased interincisal angle due to retroclined upper incisors

Bitewing x-ray showing that there was retained primary 2nd molar with the 2nd premolar is erupting underneath the primary 2nd molar but more distal inclined and only resorbed the distal root of the primary tooth the distal tooth was intact not affected at all!! Asking what’s the reason of this situation?

Answer: Ankylosis of the primary molar

Pics or x-ray with ankylosis 1st and 2nd primary molars and there is underneath permanent premolars successors, what is treatment for the case?

Answer: Extract ankylosed teeth and allow eruption

What is the cephalometric landmark that is shared by both the cranial base angle and the facial angle?

Answer: Nasion (N)

What does the 3D x-ray that has a high-speed rotating node to capture the image?

Answer: CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography)

An OPG with the first molar erupted, marked resorption of LLE and the LL5 erupted distally, what is the abnormality?

Answer: Ectopic eruption of the second premolar

Patient presented with class I malocclusion with impacted upper canine and moderate crowding in the lower arch, what is the most appropriate type of retainer in the upper arch?

Answer: Hawley retainer with canine ball clasp

Considering a classical projection geometry (x- ray tube on the right, film on the left), with respect to the lateral cephalometric radiograph, which of the following statement is correct?

Answer: Right side is magnified more than left

Pt periapical radiograph upper canine given around 25 present roots resorbed pt wants re

Answer: Likely hopeless prognosis, need extraction

Teeth look very narrow on x-ray, why?

Answer: Due to angulation (foreshortening)

Ceph question, upper incisors protrusion in relation to lips?

Answer: Usually 2-4 mm ahead of upper lip

Retainer for patient with moderate crowding?

Answer: Fixed lingual retainer

How to control open bite retention?

Answer: Vertical pull chin cup or retainers with bite blocks

A case was given with missing upper left second premolar (they did not mention about the missing tooth in the case description, It was clearly visible in the radiograph and clinical pictures). The case was bilateral molar class II, with upper incisor inclination increased, and nasolabial angle acute. There was no discrepancy in the lower arch. What should be the treatment plan?

Answer: Extract upper first premolars and correct class II

Figure patient make orthodontic for diastema and frenum is normal which best retention?

Answer: Fixed lingual retainer

Stabilization wire?

Answer: Used after surgery for fixation

Panoramic x-ray with a supernumerary tooth apical to the lower right premolars. In which tooth phase the abnormality occurs?

Answer: During initiation phase

Superimposition cephalometric x-ray showing that the mandible moved forward and downwar

Answer: Normal growth pattern

A case of patient presented with infra-occluded first permanent molar, and you suspected primary failure of eruption, what type of radiograph you need to take next?

Answer: CBCT to check ankylosis

Preapical radiograph showing lower E on percussion give dull sound …. Or Panorama X ray of ankylosed E what is the case dull sound?

Answer: Ankylosis

What is the cause of relapse in rotated teeth after 1 year of completion of orthodontic treatment? (this question was repeated twice in the exam)

Answer: Gingival fiber elasticity

A case was given with missing upper left second premolar (they did not mention about the missing tooth in the case description, It was clearly visible in the radiograph and clinical pictures). The case was bilateral molar class II, with upper incisor inclination increased, and nasolabial angle acute. There was no discrepancy in the lower arch. What should be the treatment plan?

Answer: Extract upper right first premolar and finish class II

Case scenario Class ii div 2 was given and cephalometric readings were given, and they asked what the reason of increased interincisal angle is?

Answer: Retroclined upper incisors

A case scenario was given with cephalometric readings, and they asked what is the reason of decreased inter incisal angle?

Answer: Bimaxillary proclination

Patient have diastema and sever rotated central producer to avoid relapse after treatment a

Answer: CSF and fixed retainer

How long is the retention period after RPE?

Answer: 3-6 months

What is the retention protocol after SARPE?

Answer: Fixed transpalatal arch

What is the cephalometric sign of skeletal crossbite?

Answer: Reduced maxillary width

What is the common cause of relapse after BSSO?

Answer: Muscle pull

What is the advantage of CBCT over cephalogram?

Answer: 3D visualization

What is the main disadvantage of CBCT?

Answer: Higher radiation

What is the typical voxel size for orthodontic CBCT?

Answer: 0.3 mm

How to reduce radiation in CBCT?

Answer: Use limited FOV

What is the indication for full FOV CBCT?

Answer: Multiple impactions

How to minimize relapse in counterclockwise rotation?

Answer: Rigid fixation and muscle adaptation

How to manage infection after surgery?

Answer: Antibiotics and drainage

Case bimax orthognathic surgery what articulator you use?

Answer: Semi-adjustable articulator with facebow transfer

What is the typical diet after orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Liquid to soft diet

What is the recommended period for conventional wiring intermaxillary fixation (IMF) after orthognathic surgery?

Answer: 4-6 weeks

Which orthognathic surgery needs face bow transfer?

Answer: LeFort I osteotomy

Pics, of class III case they going to do bimax orthognathic surgery, and the decompensation with MBT brackets, asking what is effect of MBT on the case?

Answer: MBT prescription has built-in torque for decompensation

Following surgical expansion, what is the most recommended approach to maintain maxillary retention after maxillary expansion (wide) by orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Fixed transpalatal arch for 6-12 months

What is the first sign of infection after surgery?

Answer: Fever and swelling

The time for stabilizing wire after surgery and who is the responsible to remove it?

Answer: 4-6 weeks, removed by the oral surgeon

What is the size of stabilizing wire before starting orthognathic surgery in 018 slots?

Answer: 0.016 or 0.017 x 0.025 stainless steel

When you supposed to put the surgery splint in the patient mouth?

Answer: During surgery, after osteotomies

12 years patient given activator to wear no change in jaw advancement patient’s mother told patient not wearing appliance (un cooperative), what should orthodontist do which appliance?

Answer: Switch to a fixed functional appliance

Pics, case with class III orthognathic surgery with reverse overjet - 7mm and full molar class III and he is going to do Bimax orthognathic surgery, what the molar classification gonna be after surgery?

Answer: Class I molar relationship

When to do mandibular advancement surgery?

Answer: After growth is complete (age 18+ for females, 20+ for males)

When to remove the stabilizing wires and splint after surgery and who remove it?

Answer: Oral surgeon removes them after 4-6 weeks

How long the splint should stay after orthognathic surgery?

Answer: 2-4 weeks typically

A class III case needs surgical therapy which bracket system better to align the arches before the surgery?

Answer: Pre-adjusted edgewise system (e.g., 0.022" slot) with prescription for decompensation

Ceph with class II div II extruded incisors and low facial height, what to do for surgery?

Answer: Intrude incisors and possibly impact maxilla

Surgery of cleft lip and palate should be carried out at?

Answer: Lip: 3-6 months, Palate: 9-18 months

Patient 35 y/o, face is normal height long extruded lower anterior, planned for orthognathic surgery when will you do intrusion?

Answer: During presurgical orthodontics

Pic of cleft lips and palate patient he is 2 years 5-month years old he has already underwent the lip surgery and his parent asking plate surgery best timing?

Answer: 18-24 months for soft palate

What is the major limitation of advancing the mandible by 12 mm during orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Soft tissue stretch and risk of relapse

Following surgical expansion, what is the most recommended approach to maintain maxillary retention after maxillary expansion (wide) by orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Use of a fixed transpalatal arch or prolonged retention

Case with canine impaction and lower incisor missing space, asking you what retainer you can use after align the canine and close the lower missing incisor space?

Answer: Fixed lingual retainer

How to assess tooth vitality after surgery?

Answer: EPT test

How to prevent errors in model surgery?

Answer: Double-check measurements

How long is the waiting period for orthognathic surgery after growth cessation?

Answer: 2 years

Interincisal angle in bimaxillary protrusion?

Answer: Decreased

When to resume normal diet after surgery?

Answer: After 6 weeks

How to control alar widening during surgery?

Answer: Alar cinch suture

What is the advantage of distraction over orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Less relapse in severe cases

How to assess nerve function post-surgery?

Answer: Two-point discrimination test

How to improve speech after surgery?

Answer: Speech therapy

What is the effect of surgery on nasal shape?

Answer: Widening of alar base

What is the effect of surgery on speech?

Answer: Temporary distortion

What is the final check before surgery?

Answer: Facebow transfer

Which is the following is least stable orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Maxillary expansion (surgically assisted)

Most common choice of extraction in skeletal class III due to maxillary deficiency in patient planned for orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Lower first premolars or none (for decompensation)

How to prevent nasal changes during surgery?

Answer: Careful dissection

What is the role of articulator in surgery?

Answer: Simulate jaw movements

How to prevent relapse after mandibular advancement?

Answer: Rigid fixation

What is the purpose of facebow transfer in orthognathic surgery?

Answer: To relate maxilla to condyles

When to start orthodontic treatment after surgery?

Answer: After 4 weeks

What is the final step before surgery?

Answer: Splint fabrication

What is the management of devitalized tooth after surgery?

Answer: Root canal treatment

What is the typical healing period after orthognathic surgery?

Answer: 6 weeks

15 years old girl, planned for orthognathic surgery best way to determine the right time for surgery?

Answer: Wait until growth is complete (assess hand-wrist radiograph or cervical vertebral maturation)

What is the most critical step in model surgery?

Answer: Ensuring correct midline

Sever class II adult patient, planned for orthognathic surgery, what is the presurgical extraction pattern?

Answer: Usually upper first premolars and lower first or second premolars

Which articulator is used for orthognathic surgery?

Answer: Semi-adjustable articulator

How to improve stability of segmental surgery?

Answer: Rigid fixation

30 years old patient with corrected cleft lip & palate, come for orthodontic treatment he has congenital missing canine, what is type of bone graft?

Answer: Secondary alveolar bone graft

What is the force direction for chin cup?

Answer: Through condyles

A case of upper anterior teeth with absent of interdental papilla, what is the most probable cause of recession?

Answer: Periodontal disease or traumatic brushing

How to correct vector error during distraction?

Answer: Adjustable device

How to correct skeletal Class II in growing patient?

Answer: Functional appliance

How to correct skeletal Class III in growing patient?

Answer: Facemask therapy

Senior doctor was filling the file record of a patient & he wrote Continue writing same answer : senior 80 year ….. a foredistsadf.isgainer HIM AT

Answer: This text seems garbled. Possibly about informed consent for elderly patients.

(Long case scenario), 45 years old female, want to do orthodontic treatment, had to discontinue her previous orthodontic treatment. She said because of teeth mobility multiple teeth recession, irregular marginal gingivae. What is the most probable cause of this periodontal condition?

Answer: Pre-existing periodontal disease that was aggravated by orthodontic forces

What is the recommended force for chin cup?

Answer: 300-500 grams

Class II case, with unilateral class II molar, headgear was planned to correct molar relation to distalized the right molar?

Answer: Asymmetric headgear with heavier force on the right side

Most common disease transmitted in hospital due to?

Answer: Poor hand hygiene (leading to infections like MRSA)

Female patient presented with severe pain, requested a female doctor or a female nurse present. The nurse went to 10 min break. What you do?

Answer: Respect her request, wait for the female nurse, or find a female colleague

The decision to extrude the posterior teeth or intrude the incisors in deep bite cases correction depend on?

Answer: Vertical facial pattern

Referral patient from another hospital and the doctor didn’t like the diagnosis and treatment of the patient, the patient asks the doctor about the previous hospital treatment if it’s good or not? What to do?

Answer: Be diplomatic, focus on future treatment plan without criticizing colleagues

A researcher found that his research is similar to other published paper and want to take information from the other paper, what should he do?

Answer: Cite the original paper and avoid plagiarism

When you will do gingival graft for anterior teeth with gingival recession?

Answer: Before orthodontic treatment if recession is progressing

Drug research for doctor about to publish but you discover a side effect on one?

Answer: Disclose the side effect and report it ethically

What is most appropriate measure to ensure that you do not have any conflict in a research paper?

Answer: Full disclosure of all financial and personal relationships

How to correct crossbite in deciduous dentition?

Answer: Remove interference

A female patient came to your clinic and the nurse was not there and you want to examine the patient, what you do?

Answer: Respect her privacy, ask if she comfortable or reschedule

(Picture) of anterior crossbite with lower incisor have gingival recession, what is the cause?

Answer: Trauma from occlusion due to the crossbite

Definition of reciprocal anchorage?

Answer: Equal and opposite forces between two teeth

What is the risk of incorrect vector planning?

Answer: Malocclusion

How to correct occlusal error in splint?

Answer: Adjust manually

What is the common error in splint design?

Answer: Occlusal discrepancy

How to record facebow registration?

Answer: Use bite fork and transfer jig

During research a drug which is underdevelopment is used, the side effects of drug are not told to participant which ethic is breached?

Answer: Informed consent

The method of choice to correct thumb sucking with posterior cross bite in 7 years old?

Answer: Habit breaker appliance

Intern work in hospital wants to do examination for patient, when he needs to ask for permission from patient?

Answer: Always, before any examination

What of the following is a characteristic of a medical error?

Answer: Preventable adverse event

Why medication error is most frequent in hospital settings ?

Answer: Look-alike, sound-alike drugs

What is the rate of nerve recovery after injury?

Answer: 1-2 mm per month

Which of the following is a part of the first international patient safety measure in hospital according to world patient safety?

Answer: Correct patient identification

How to correct the rotation of rotated premolar?

Answer: Use a couple with bracket placement

A patient was referred from a rural area to a central hospital, the consultant in the central hospital does not agree (don’t like) the treatment offered in the rural area, and what should he do?

Answer: Discuss with the referring dentist and propose new plan

Mc/ Mf= 1? Pic of two molars on rectangular teeth A (1/3) & B (2/3), Ask what is moment at B?

Answer: The moment is greater at B (2/3 insertion) due to larger couple

Correct sequence about friction among wires?

Answer: SS > Beta-Titanium > NiTi (Stainless steel has the highest friction)

Pic of palatally positioned upper lateral incisor (blocked) how you correct the under torqued upper lateral?

Answer: Use a auxiliary spring or torque in archwire

Two Qs about the anchorage type, they give you 4 pics and which picture referring to Reciprocal anchorage > it was the diastema closure by power chain

Answer: Yes, closing midline diastema

Definition of reciprocal anchorage?

Answer: Equal and opposite forces between two teeth

A patient needs expansion for the correction of maxillary transverse discrepancy. He is a long face patient?

Answer: SARPE or surgically assisted expansion

A patient with Alzheimer’s dementia presents with his personal care worker. (His daughter, who is his legal guardian, is unavailable). What is required to obtain informed consent for an elective invasive procedure?

Answer: Consent from legal guardian

What is the consequence of incorrect facebow transfer?

Answer: Occlusal plane discrepancy

In which phase with fetal growth happens hemifacial macrosomia?

Answer: During first trimester (weeks 4-8)

Same case and asking about the time of peak growth?

Answer: Approximately 1 year after the growth spurt

A case in the mixed dentition stage with bilateral posterior crossbite and no functional shift, what is the most appropriate treatment?

Answer: Maxillary expansion (quad-helix or RPE)

A patient is given high pull head gear to prevent the eruption of the upper molars. Anchorage demand is in?

Answer: Maximum anchorage

5 mm forward mov. of lower molar relative to upper molar in late mixed dentition is necessary to achieve CL I molar

Answer: Not clear

Intra-oral frontal pic, the case was 6 or 7 years with unilateral cross bite with no mandible shift and open bite due to partially eruption in the upper anterior incisor, asking u what to do?

Answer: Monitor for eruption; crossbite might self-correct

Picture showing scmmon’s curves for growth of four major tissue systems of the body, which tissues one will complete growth first?

Answer: Neural tissues

Child with retained Upper Right E how to diagnose ectopic eruption of Upper Right 6?

Answer: Radiographic evaluation (panoramic or periapical)

The sequence of completion of facial growth by plane of space is?

Answer: Transverse (Width) -> Vertical (Height) -> Anteroposterior (Depth)

Picture, Mixed dentition case with sever crowding, missing upper left E and upper left 6 mesially tipped, you want to upright 6, how?

Answer: Use a uprighting spring or sectional archwire

Pic of 7 years child with lingual eruption of lower permanent central incisors, what is treatment?

Answer: Monitor, usually self-corrects; if not, use inclined plane

A case 12 years old female with sever class II div 1, increased overjet, retrognathic mandible, and all records are available, they asked what her CVM is?

Answer: Cervical Vertebral Maturation stage (likely CS3 or CS4)

A photo of 9 years old\ patient in the mixed dentition stage, who lost his lower left second deciduous molar (LLE) with mesial drifting of the first molar, what is the best appliance to regain the lost space?

Answer: Band and loop space maintainer or distalizing appliance

A case in the mixed dentition with posterior cross bites and quarter unit class II molar relationship, what is the best appliance to treat her case?

Answer: Quad-helix or Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE)

A case in the mixed dentition with one of the permanent incisors erupted more than 6 months ago and the other primary central tooth is mobile, you decided to ask the patient to wiggle the tooth to encourage exaltation, how many millimeters does the incisors have to be moving, in order for you to use this approach?

Answer: 1-2 mm mobility

Hot spot to diagnose the overgrowth of condyle?

Answer: Bone scan

A picture of lower arch of 7 years old boy in the early mixed dentition with the two lower permanent central incisors erupted lingual to the deciduous incisors and not enough space, what the appropriate treatment plan?

Answer: Monitor, often self-corrects; if not, consider lingual arch

Which dimension of growth completed first?

Answer: Transverse

What is the Forced eruption?

Answer: Orthodontic extrusion of a tooth

A child in mixed dentition case was given, he had class II end on relation molars, but early mixed like all primary canines and molars were present. They ask what should be the treatment?

Answer: Functional appliance to correct class II

When growth modification of the mandible?

Answer: During growth spurt

11 years old Cleft lip and palate patients came after 2 months after graft to close Oro

Answer: Monitor healing, may need prosthetic tooth

Patient with cleft lips before translation what should be done

Answer: Expansion and bone graft

Patient was diagnosed with Craniofacial Microsomia, which of the following stages is affected OR defect derived from?

Answer: First and second branchial arches

Apert syndrome defect?

Answer: Craniosynostosis and syndactyly

Down’s syndrome patient came to do FDP, he couldn’t fully understand the dentist, so dentist should?

Answer: Obtain consent from legal guardian

When we will used bone graft for cleft palate patient?

Answer: Before canine eruption, around 9-11 years

Picture of bilateral cleft lip doesn’t reach the nose (columella) what type of fusion failure?

Answer: Failure of fusion between maxillary and medial nasal processes

What is the cause of Treacher Collins syndrome?

Answer: Genetic mutation

Facial cleft is formed due to malunion of?

Answer: Medial nasal and maxillary processes

Image of bilateral cleft lip what cause it?

Answer: Failure of fusion of medial nasal and maxillary processes

What type of cleft that doesn’t appear (undetected) in ultrascound?

Answer: Submucous cleft palate

Curzon syndrome reason?

Answer: Premature cranial suture fusion

A picture of cleft uvula, ask to identify?

Answer: Bifid uvula

What is the process of incomplete bilateral Cleft lip?

Answer: Failure of fusion between the medial nasal process and the maxillary process

What appliance will use for expansion in 6 years old patient with cleft lip/ palate?

Answer: Haas expander or quad-helix

There was ? 2 mm distance between CEJ to alveolar crest and patient had adequate gingival thickness with uneven gingival margins, what should be the treatment?

Answer: Crown lengthening surgery or orthodontic extrusion

Adult patient with compromised periodontal tissue & reduce bone support, what type of force you will use?

Answer: Light and continuous forces

Mother came to you with her 8 years old child with lost primary canine on right side and sever mobility in primary canine on left, what’s the cause?

Answer: Normal exfoliation process or early loss due to caries/trauma

On examination patient has bone loss on buccal & palatal surfaces of upper 6 how many walls defect?

Answer: Could be a 4-wall defect or a crater

(Long case scenario), on examination patient has bone loss on mesial & distal surface of upper 6 with 4mm pocket?

Answer: Periodontal problem requires perio treatment before ortho

Periodical x ray and frontal picture and very good gingiva but root of lower incisor have severe root resorption ?

Answer: Stop orthodontic movement

A case with orthodontic treatment has high mobility teeth, and already lost some teeth after some year of the treatment, why?

Answer: Periodontal disease progression or excessive forces

Patient 47 years increase overjet, upper protrusion, increase overbite and has uneven gingival margin, what’s the reason for uneven margin?

Answer: Uneven eruption or gingival recession due to trauma

Composition of oxytalan fibers of periodontal ligament?

Answer: Elastic fibers

Periodical x ray and frontal picture and very good gingiva but root of lower incisor has severe root resorption?

Answer: Stop orthodontic movement

A patient having orthodontic treatment complains of tooth mobility on a single tooth, what will be the consequences?

Answer: May indicate root resorption or overloading

Patient has mobility of deciduous tooth, and the doctor advise him to wiggle it, how much millimeter, should he move it?

Answer: 1-2 mm

Best bone defect can be on orthodontics treatment, in other word; during tooth movement which is better in periodontal condition?

Answer: 3-wall bony defect

Uneven gingival margins cause?

Answer: Aesthetic concerns, plaque retention, sensitivity

Patient upon completion of orthodontic treatment, have sever tooth mobility. What is the major risk in this case?

Answer: Root resorption

Adult Patient with periodontal problem but good disease control, he wants to do ortho treatment but need osseous re

Answer: May proceed with light forces and close monitoring

Why we do periodontal examination?

Answer: To assess bone support and gingival health before ortho

Stem cells (PDLSCs) that are responsible for maintaining and repairing periodontal ligament tissues and function. Q.The simplest tooth force ? a

Answer: Light continuous force

When will you do gingival grafting?

Answer: Before orthodontic movement if recession is likely